Acedemic Record free essay sample

The abilities and the students reflection all comes from there academic record which sets students apart just by a glance on their record. This proves facts such as if a student ready or passed a lesson or question as of 2+2 or if a student is able to work and find the radius and area of the Staple Center. These statistics are important because Of the fact that with the academics shown on their record an example being is if that student is to be set in a advanced class theyre sent and put in that class because they have shown wrought there academic record that they can perform that task or specific question given.These records are also yet accurate because in such subjects like chemistry, algebra 2, calculus, and etc. You need to be in task and up to date with the notes given and lessons taught because it is very easy to fall behind in subjects like theses. We will write a custom essay sample on Acedemic Record or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Constant test during the school year such as SAT, SAT, CASHES, and benchmarks are meant for the same reason which is to show where a student stands in his academics as in is the student learning? Facts like these prove that academic records are accurate for a dents ability. So many records of students academic but are they all accurate is the question? A student can have As and Bis but is the student actually learning the standards of the class or course? Might the student getting good grades be cheating is grade? Facts like this can go against an academic record of a student not being true and accurate due to maybe these above. There is also many cases where students have bad grades but really academically they are smart but not on their record. These cases show that academic records and also have their negative point of views on plenty of students.Point being academic record of every individual does show what the individuals abilities are and skills. Therefore they are accurate due to the exams and test given and perfect example is such thing as the benchmarks and/or AP exams. These test are based on how good did you pay attention in class or course saying that the test reflects on your abilities in that class and in order to pass the exam with a grad e to get credit you must know what was the fundamental being taught in class. In conclusion academic records have its good and bad sides but I beside to remain on the good side.

Interpreting Dreams That Never Occurred The Dream Sequence in The Wife of Baths Prologue and Its Implied Concepts

Interpreting Dreams That Never Occurred The Dream Sequence in The Wife of Baths Prologue and Its Implied Concepts As history records show, feminism and Middle Ages are not quite compatible; despite the fact that the idea of women’s liberation was started way back in the Ancient Greece (DuBois, 2007), the Dark Ages set the evolution of a feminist movement back to the era of chauvinism and male dominance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interpreting Dreams That Never Occurred: The Dream Sequence in The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Its Implied Concepts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite men being predominantly satisfied with the given state of affairs at that time, humanist ideas were spawned by Chaucer ‘s The Canterbury tales in the era when women had little to no authority in the society, therefore, posing a number of marriage and relationship related ethical questions to the male part of the audience and encouraging women to pursue their independence in marriage, which The Clerk’s tale and the dre am of the fifth wife in The wife of Bath’s prologue show in the most graphic way. The fact that the fifth wife was willingly inclining the man that would later on become her fifth husband to murder her fourth one, whom she accused of beating her and having her will completely trodden under his feet, can also be interpreted as not only the demand for women to be free in their marriage, as well as free to choose their future husband, but also the need for a woman to be equal to her husband. On the one hand, such interpretation seems impossible in the light of the oppression that women were under in the Middle Ages. Indeed, with the chauvinist ideas setting the course for social tendencies, as well as the principles for relationships between a man and a woman, the mere mentioning of equality would be absurd. Nevertheless, the plea – or, perhaps, even a demand – for being treated fair can be easily read into every single phrase uttered by the fifth wife, not to ment ion the dream story that she crafted: â€Å"You say that just as worms destroy a tree, / Just so a wife destroys her own husband; / Men know this who are bound in marriage band† (Chaucer, n. d., lines 382–384). In this regard, Clerk’s tale by Chaucer should also be mentioned. Also dealing with the subject of a woman’s role in marriage, it might be seen as a major retreat in Chaucer’s feminist endeavors, since the main storyline revolves around a woman being so devoted to her husband that she sacrifices her children and her happiness to serve him: â€Å"O Lord, I am willing  / To do your will† (Chaucer, n. d.). However, Chaucer still manages to state his opinion regarding equality in marriage: â€Å"But bow your neck beneath that blessed yoke  / Of sovereignty and not of hard service,  / The which men call espousal or wedlock† (Chaucer, n. d.).Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help y ou! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Griselda, therefore, is a symbol of a wife, who admits her husband to be her master. While being aligned with the contemporary Christian principles of marriage, from a humanist perspective, the given concept is absurd, since in marriage, both a wife and a husband must be provided with equal rights; any other type of relationships can be classified as not marriage, but slavery. In spite of the chauvinist tendencies of the Medieval society, as well as the lack of equality in relationship between a man and a woman in the Middle Ages, Chaucer managed to make a statement concerning the need to provide women with freedoms in their personal life. While not stating the fact that women are equal to men directly, Chaucer conveys the given principle in his Canterbury tales in a very clear manner, making an especially explicit statement in describing the dream of the fifth wife and The Clerk’s tale. The tales that could eas ily be interpreted as a joke by Chaucer’s contemporaries, they planted the seeds for feminist principles to evolve from. Reference List Chaucer, G. (n. d.). The clerk’s tale. Web. Chaucer, G. (n. d.) The wife of Bath’s prologue. Retrieved from jsu.edu/depart/english/gates/wifebprt.htm DuBois, E. C. (2007) Plato as a proto-feminist. Web.

Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Contract law - Essay Example The courts will decide on the amount of damages and other penalties that the defendant will have to incur in return for the breach of contract. Bob’s remedy is to exhaust all extra judicial means to collect the remaining 4,000 pounds that was offered by Arthur and accepted by Bob. If the extra judicial means are not successful, then Bob can file civil charges for the collection of the remaining 4,000 pounds. Since the offer of Arthur to give the additional 4,000 pounds is accepted by Bob, there is a new contract that supersedes the prior contract. The prior contract is that Arthur Will pay Bob 25,000 pounds if Bob finishes the repair job on Arthur’s aunt’s house on the first week of December 2005. The contract is now 29,000 pounds and the new deadline is Dec 25, 2005. Bob has accomplished his part of the contract, now he can ask the courts to force Arthur to pay him the balance of $4,000 pounds. Bob should NOT pay the remaining 2,000 pounds to Eric. Bob does not have to pay the balance of 2,000 pounds to Eric because the law states since Bob did his part of the contract by paying by end of November, then Eric must do his part by collecting only his offer by receiving only the 3,000 pounds if payment was done within November. It is true that one of the requirements of a valid contract is the consent of the party being offered a contract. In this case, because Bob admitted that due to financial difficulty he couldn’t pay the 5,000 pounds to Eric within November 2005, Eric offered a contract to reduce the amount he will receive to only 3,000 pounds. Bob â€Å"accepted† the offer of Eric by his ACTION of paying his liability within the time period offered by Eric. Therefore now that Bob has done his part, Bob demands that it is Eric’s turn to push through with his contract offer to receive only 3,000 pounds. One reason for Bob’s paying on time is because of

The best parenting style Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The best parenting style - Research Paper Example Several studies discovered that parenting style can affect the personalities and behaviors of their children (Evans, 2012; Baldwin, McIntyre, & Hardaway, 2007). To determine the best patenting style, a number of secondary sources and one primary source have been used. In several cases, the best parenting style is authoritative parenting, although other factors, including culture, family dynamics, and children’s traits can affect the decision for choosing the style that fits the context and individualities of children. Authoritarian parents are not very good in raising happy, confident, sociable, and high-achieving children. These parents integrate high control with low warmth or parental involvement (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2010, p. 250). They want to nurture the values of hard work, compliance, and discipline among their children (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2010, p.250). Clinical psychologist Block described that authoritarian parenting focuses on maintaining control and authority (personal communication, October 20, 2012). She stated: â€Å"[Authoritarian parents] use their authority to control their children. They make rules that are explained through the need to be obedient to authority† (personal communication, October 20, 2012). She explained that authoritarian parents are strict and demanding because they expect their children to act as adults. Their punishment tends to be physical and punitive: â€Å"They punish children who do not follow their rules, sometimes through spanking them† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Furthermore, authoritative parents rarely show warmth toward their children because â€Å"many think that warmth will make their children weak† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Authoritarian parents think that control and less emotional interaction is the best way to raise children. Kail and Cavanaugh (2010) noted from their review of studies that authoritarian parents raise children who tend to be unhappy and overly aggressive, while permissive parents tend to have children with poor self-control and are very impulsive. Block explained that the children of authoritarian parents can have extreme behaviors (personal communication, October 20, 2012). On the one hand, some are â€Å"rebellious and have been involved in alcohol and drug abuse† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Some have developed â€Å"bullying behaviors† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). On the other hand, others are very â€Å"obedient and efficient in following rules† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Block underlined that they follow because of â€Å"fear for punishment, and not because they believe that it is right† (personal communication, October 20, 2012). Happiness is elusive too: â€Å"I have interviewed these children and none of them are happy. They may project high self-esteem, but they are very uncert ain in discussing their goals and identity† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Hence, children of authoritarian students are not always happy and successful in their chosen fields, probably because of their reaction to their parents’ authoritarian control on their lives. Permissive parents may be too lenient, although they can raise self-assured and disciplined students too. Permissive parenting has little rules and demands; these parents are very responsive to their children’s emotional needs (Shaffer, 2009, p. 378). The idea is to

GDM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

GDM - Assignment Example Factors to be considered before the screening is done include age, Body Mass Index as well as the race of the woman. There has been growing debate on whether to adopt a universal screening or selective screening. ADA argues that selective screening will help in reducing the costs associated with screening, elimination of inconveniences associated with the process as well as lowering anxiety connected with diabetes. Selective screening is to be based on family history of diabetes, age, obesity and racial alignment as such factors can easily establish the prevalence of diabetes. A number of ethical issues that must be taken into consideration before or during the screening process include how comfortable the patient is during the process, the laboratory costs associated with the screening and other risks factors such as missing the diagnosis after the process has been initiated. The cost implications of universal screening are very high and may limit the number of women who are able to undergo such tests. Universal adoption of GDM will assist in the development of a database of various people in the world who have shown symptoms of the disease which will further help in the development of international initiatives and approaches aimed at controlling the condition. Professional nurses are charged with the responsibility of advocating for women to undergo screening. They encourage as well as support the adoption of International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy (IADPSG) that have been recommended by the ADA in their various health institutions. They further undergo adequate preparation so as take good care of women with GDM. The nurses offer prenatal care for women with diabetes so as to assist them to come up with thorough diabetes programs so as to facilitate provision of better services (Ross, 2005). They approve referral of high-risk cases among women

Paths To Salvation In Bhagavad Gita Religion Essay

Paths To Salvation In Bhagavad Gita Religion Essay This essay is about the paths to salvation in Bhagavad-Gita. Others religion such as: Christianity, Islam and Buddhism have one path to salvation. This path to salvation means complete devotion to god. In the Bhagavad-Gita, there are three paths to salvation. They are Bhakti, Janna and Karma yoga, also kwon as the yoga of knowledge, the joga of devotation and the joya of action. Those paths have the same goal. This goal is to achieve salvation. The first path, Bhakti, also known as the Goya of devotion, means loves and blisss goal. The way to attain Morsha is through devotion for god. Keep me in your mind and devotion, sacrifice to me, bow to me, discipline your self toward, and you will reach me![ 1]. In the Vaishavana pantheon, this path has five forms: Santa, Dasya, Sakhya, Vatsalva and Madhura. The first of them is calm devotion for god. The other four involve emotional attachment with god. For example Sakhya is treating god as a friend. Dasya is serving god. Madhuara is treating god as husband. Vatsalya is treating god as a child. In Bhagavad-Gita, there are nine acts of devotion: Sravana, which is hearing of god, Kirtana which is praising god, Sharama, which is remembering god, Padasevana, which is service in general, Arcana, which is worshiping, Vandana which is bowing, Dasya, which is serving like a servant, Sakhaya which is befriending god and athanivedana, which is making total surrender. The salvation and moksha are achieved through complete devotion to krisha. The second path, Janna is also known as the yoga of knowledge. When ignorance is destroyed by knowledge of the self, then, like the sun, knowledge illumines ultimate reality.[ 2]. This path allows people to discover the way of wisdom, to discover what truth is, what is eternal, and what is not eternal. Knowledge leads to the achievement salvation. With the knowledge, people find spiritual peace, which means salvation. With the knowledge, people can break the barrier of the ignorance that trapped the person. Knowledge is like the sunlight that illuminates the dark path. With the knowledge people can find the union with god. Sravana, Manana and Nidhidhyasana are the three means in Janna. The first one is learning from or listening to a teacher. The second one is to remember and reflect on the teaching, and the third one is to meditate on the truth spoken. These means in Janna lead to the discovery of truth. The third path, Karma is also known as the Yoga of action. Be intent on action, not on the fruits of actions, avoid attraction to the fruit and attachment to inaction[3]. This path teaches that the people should act in good faith, which should help other people without anything in return, to act without rancor, without malice, without hate, and to act selflessly. Doing these acts is the only way to find the truth of Brahman that leads to salvation. In conclusion, I would say that the three paths lead to salvation. Gita is considered the most important because require a total and unconditional surrender to god. This path is the devotion of Yoga. This essay is about the central elements of Vedic religion. During this time, there were written sacred scripture. Those scriptures talk about the religion practices that occurred in this time. Those scriptures are known as the four Vedas: Rig Veda, Althar Veda, Sama Veda, and Yagur Veda. Those texts contains hymns and chants that describe this particular moment .During this period, the priests who represent the highest and well educated class in the society were responsible for the rituals and read of the text. Performing rituals became an important part of their daily life. One common ritual was the sacrifice of animals. Also, chanting and prayer were common religious practices too. The rig Veda is considering the most important of the four Vedas. It Contains 1028 hymns, those are divided into eight or ten books. Those hymns contain some wonderful pieces of poetry and were used in rituals. The rituals were performed by the priests, who were responsible for everything. I would say that those rituals were for some noblemen and for the wealthy. In these rituals people prayed for rain, prayed for their family, for the long life and for their harvest. Jajna was an important method of sacrifice. This means building an altar. The performance was around the altar. Fire and offering were thrown into it. The offering included things like butters, milk, meat, cooked grain, intoxicating drink, and other items. The priests invoke gods to seek their blessing. These rites were performed during various interval of the year. Many purposes were associated with this sacrifice. For example they did it during sowing period, during harvest time, and for some social events. The sacrifice of horse was performed in this period only by the kings. This sacrifice was made in order to prove their influence and valor. In this period, there was no scientific explanation for natural phenomena such as rain, wind, and thunder. People feared them and thus worshipped them. This mean that people worshipped different forms of nature as god like earth, moon, sun, rain, sun and other natural phenomena. They believe that the priest posses supernatural power and could control adverse forces by magical means. In conclusion, I would say that during this period the power of the priest increased and animal sacrifice also increased in the name of the religion. Rituals and hymns became common practices of their daily life. The evolution of this religion gave raise to new beliefs and new gods. This essay assignment is about comparing and contrasting both Hinduism and Buddhism religion. Both the Hindus and Buddhist believe in reincarnation or what happens after the life, both follow the same path in order to achieved salvation. Another point they have in common is that both religions were originated in India. There are differences between both religions. For example, Hinduism believes in the caste system and it has three main gods. Buddhism does not believe in the caste system and does not believe in god. Another difference is that Buddhism spread into others countries and Hinduism stayed in India. One similarity is that both the Hindus and Buddhist religion believe in reincarnation that means freedom or release from the cycle of birth and death. Both believe that there are two places that you could go after the death, either you could go to heaven or you could go to hell. Another point that it has in common is that both Hinduism and Buddhism follow the same path to achieve salvation. A further dissimilarity is that both religions were originated in India. One difference is that Hinduism has many gods that govern different aspects of their life. For example, there are three main gods called Vishnu, Brahma and Shiva. Vishnu, who is the preserver, is represented by water. Brahma, who is the creator, is represented by earth, and Shiva, who is the destroyer, is represented by fire. Those gods were believed to control the forces of the nature. Sacred animals are used in Hinduism in order to invoke gods and seek their blessings. Buddhism is a religion that does not believe in god and follows the four noble truths, which are: suffering, origin of the suffering, selflessness and truth of the Path. The eight fold path describes the ways in which every person must live and also advocates the pursuit of many goals in ones life including wealth, prosperity, happiness and love. Another difference is that salvation in Hinduism is known as morksha. This mean release or freedom from the cycle of birth and death. In Buddhism, salvation is known as nirv ana. This means release from this world and the suffering of the human condition. Another difference is that Hinduism believed in the caste system, which means that the society is divided in four classes; those are Brahmins, which were the highest and well educated class represented by the priests. Kshatriyas , which were responsible for the society. Merriments, which were represented by the merchants and Sudras, which were represented by the lowest class and excluded from the religion. Buddhist religion does not believe in caste system. Another difference is that Buddhism spread into many other countries and Hinduism stayed in India. Hinduism is more understable and comprehendible than Hinduism. Buddhist accepted everybody openly and Hinduism accepted people who were born into the caste system. In conclusion, I would like to say that both religions have differences and similarities. The most common similarities is that both religions have the same goal. This goal is to achieve salvation after the death. Both religions prescribe different ways in order to achieved freedom. One religion believes in god and in the caste system, and the other one does not believe in god and does not believe in the caste system.

Herbal Sports Cream :: Health Medicine Papers

Herbal Sports Cream The Internet’s size and easy access for consumers encourages small businesses to provide information about their products in addition to the common overabundance of imagery and advertising slogans. However, this information is not always accurate or patrolled for misleading or incorrect assumptions. The goal of this paper is to examine Epicure Crystal Sports Cream, a sore muscle/weightlifting aid, and the claims made about it on the web (www.choicemail.com/epicure). In addition to the claims made about this particular product, each active ingredient has a literature provided by the large number of alternative medicine and herbal specialist sites on the Web. After describing this consumer information, I will provide you with a survey of the clinical research that supports, denies, or falls short of these claims. There are several active ingredients reported by the â€Å"specialists† at Epicure: Bellis Perennis (Daisy), Calendula Officinalis (Garden Marigold), Echinacea Angustifolia (Cone Flower), Symphytum Officinale (Comfrey), Aconitum Napellus (Aconite), Arnica Montana (Leopard’s Bane Root). Hypericum Perforatum (St. John’s Wort), Ledum Palustre (Wild Rosemary), and Ruta Graveolens (Rue). Each of these ingredients comprises a cream that â€Å"conquers pain from sports related or other injuries which might otherwise lead to a missed workout† (www.choicemail.com/epicure). Among the other claims provided by Epicure are relief of â€Å"sports injuries, pain, minor inflammation of various origins, sprains, strains, discomforts, and bruises† (www.choicemail.com/epicure). This product, because of its claims and apparent success is currently involved in a clinical study guided by Prodigy, Inc., at the Vanderbilt University Sport’s Medicine C enter. However, this project is not yet completed and the results are not available to report. It is for this reason that the best examination of the product is to research each of the active ingredients for potential success in application for the above-mentioned ailments. The Internet provides countless web sites where one can learn about the various ingredients of Epicure Crystal Sports Cream. Bellis Perennis, more commonly known as daisy, has an interesting literature on the Web. Once called â€Å"Bruisewort,† by 14th Century healers, this flower is well known for it ability to help cure fresh wounds, gout, or fever (www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/d/daisyc03.html). Other sources report that daisy is best used for arthritis, rheumatism, diarrhea, liver and kidney problems (www.

Leadership in the African American Community

Leadership in the African American community African American community had many problems, such as freedom, economic, education, transportation, being unemployment, lack of self defense; lack of power and †¦ therefore different leaderships and organizations were established to help African American. African American wanted to be free because they were USA citizen and they did not like someone call them nigger or free of slave. They wanted to have freedom of speech, vote,, human rights, self defense, they wanted to be free to go to school and be educated, and they did not like people look at them down because of their color.Black people were the last one got hire and the first one got fire when they applied for job. They had very bad situation because they could not find a job easily. That’s why most of them become unemployment and the rest who had job their salary were low. Black people had problem with transportation because most of them did not had a car so it was hard for them to apply for job. Black people wanted to go to school like white people, they wanted to show them they are smart and they can be educated too. They wanted to be educated so they can learn all the law and learn how to talk and have self defense when someone attack to them.Black people were lack of power because of their skin color. White people could be president or having good positions, and they treat Black people as slaves. Black people had to work in white people’s farms like a slaves, and always respect them and say, ‘‘YES SIR’’. Therefore different leadership and organization stand up to defend them in from of all of these problems for example Martin Luther King in her speech said he has a dream and talks about freedom and how Black and white should be equal, he said Black people should vote, and should be free and go to school.Ella baker also helped Martin Luther King in different way, she established different organization, and she mo ved to different states and having different conference with different people. There are other leadership and organization which help them out which I am going to talk about it later. Work cited Ransby, Barbara. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement. The University of North Carolina. Press, in Chapel Hill and London 2003. The Video: FUNDI http://moodle. wolfware. ncsu. edu/file. php/33965/FUNDI. m4v Hodak, George. Martin Luther King Assassinated. †Ã‚  ABA Journal  97. 4 (2011): 72. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Brooks, Gwendolyn. â€Å"Martin Luther King Jr. †Ã‚  Storyworks  17. 4 (2010): 3. Primary Search. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Haskins, Jim. â€Å"Martin Luther King, Jr. †Ã‚  Cobblestone  31. 1 (2010): 28. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. â€Å"MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. (Cover Story). †Ã‚  Scholastic Action  27. 7 (2004): 4. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Tutashinda, K. , and D. C. â€Å"The Grassroots Political Philo sophy Of Ella Baker: Oakland, California Applicability.   Journal Of Pan African Studies  3. 9 (2010): 25-42. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Baraka, Amiri. â€Å"Black Theater Movement & The Black Consciousness Movement. †Ã‚  Kola  24. 1 (2012): 104-119. Literary Reference Center Plus. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Stafford, Tim. â€Å"The First Black Liberation Movement. †Ã‚  Christianity Today  44. 8 (2000): 42. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Taylor, Gardner. â€Å"Black Freedom Fighters. †Ã‚  Christian Century  112. 24 (1995): 777. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013.

Essentials for Tree Seed Propagation

Essentials for Tree Seed Propagation Trees use seeds as a principal means of establishing their next generation in the natural world. Seeds serve as a delivery system for the transfer of genetic material from one generation to the next. This fascinating chain of events (the formation of seed to dispersal to germination) is very complex and still poorly understood. Some trees can easily be grown from seed but, for some trees, it may be much quicker and easier to propagate them from cuttings. Seed propagation can be a tricky process for a number of tree species. A small seedling can be very tiny and delicate when first germinated and often require much more care than a cutting. Seeds collected off tree hybrids or grafted stock can be sterile or the tree may  be off-character from the parent. For example, seeds collected from a pink dogwood will most likely flower white. What Stops Seeds From Germinating There are a number of important reasons a seed refuses to germinate under artificial conditions. Two major causes for unsuccessful tree seed germination are hard seed coats and dormant seed embryos. Both conditions are species-specific and every tree species has to subject the seeds to unique conditions to assure germination. Treating the seed properly is necessary before germination occurs and a seedling can be assured. Seed scarification and stratification are the most common methods of seed treatment and they will increase the chances of seed or nut germination. Scarification and Stratification The hard protective coating on some tree seeds is natures way of protecting the seed. But hard coats on some hard seed species actually inhibit the germination of the seed, because water and air cannot penetrate the hard coating. Interestingly, many tree seeds require two dormant periods (two winters) before the protective coating breaks down enough to germinate. The seeds must lay on the ground completely dormant for one full growing season, and then germinate the following growing season. Scarification is an artificial way to prepare hard seed coats for germination. There are three methods or treatments that will usually make seed-coats permeable to water: soaking in a solution of sulfuric acid, soaking in hot water or immersing the seed for a short period in boiling water, or mechanical scarification. Many dormant tree seeds need to be after-ripened before they can germinate. This is the most common cause of seeds failing to germinate. If the seed embryo produced by a tree is dormant, it must be stored at the proper temperature and in the presence of abundant supplies of moisture and air. Stratification is the process of mixing the seed in a moist (not wet) medium like peat moss, sand or sawdust, then placed in a storage container and stored in an area where the temperature is controlled at a low enough level to ripen the seed. This storage is usually over a definite period of time at a specific temperature (around 40 degrees F). Methods of Tree Seed Treatment by Species Hickory: This tree nut is generally considered to exhibit embryo dormancy. The common treatment is to stratify the nuts in a moist medium at 33 to 50 degrees F for 30 to 150 days. If cold storage facilities are not available, stratification in a pit with a covering of about 0.5 m (1.5 feet) of compost, leaves, or soil to prevent freezing will suffice. Prior to any cold stratification, nuts should be soaked in water at room temperature for two to four days with one or two water changes each day.Black Walnut: A walnut is generally considered to exhibit embryo dormancy. The common treatment is to stratify the nuts in a moist medium at 33 to 50 degrees F for two or three months. Although the seed coat is extremely hard it usually cracks, becomes water permeable, and does not need scarification.Pecan: A pecan does not fall into dormancy like other hickories and can be planted at any time with the expectation that the embryo will germinate. Still, the  pecan nut  is often collected and cold-stored for planting the next spring. Oak: Acorns of the white oak group generally have little or no dormancy and will germinate almost immediately after falling. These species should usually be planted in the fall. Acorns of the black oak group that exhibit variable dormancy and stratification are usually recommended before spring sowing. For best results, moist acorns should be held for four to 12 weeks at temperatures of 40 to 50 degrees F and can be placed in plastic bags without a medium, if turned frequently.Persimmon: Natural germination of common persimmon usually occurs in April or May, but two- to three-year delays have been observed. The main cause of the delay is a seed covering that causes a major decrease in water absorption. Seed dormancy also needs to be broken by stratification in sand or peat for 60 to 90 days at 37 to 50 degrees F. Persimmon is hard to artificially germinate.Sycamore:  American sycamore  needs no dormancy, and pre-germination treatments are usually not required for prompt germinati on.Pine: Seeds of most pines in temperate climates are shed in the autumn and germinate promptly the next spring. Seeds of most pines germinate without treatment, but germination rates and amounts are greatly increased by pretreating the seeds. This means storing seeds using moist, cold stratification. Elm: Under natural conditions, elm seeds that ripen in the spring usually germinate in the same growing season. Seeds that ripen in the fall germinate in the following spring. Although seeds of most elm species require no planting treatment, American elm will remain dormant until the second season.Beech: Seeds from beech trees need to overcome dormancy and require cold stratification for prompt germination. The seeds may take a combination of stratification and storage. Seed moisture level is the key to successful stratification in beech seeds. Beech is difficult to artificially germinate in significant amounts.

The U.S. Governments Role in Protecting the Environment

The U.S. Government's Role in Protecting the Environment The regulation of practices that affect the environment is a relatively recent development in the United States, but it is an excellent example of government intervention in the economy for a social purpose. Since the collective rise in consciousness  about the health of the environment, such government intervention in business has become a hot topic not only in the United States but also across the globe. The Rise of Environmental Protection Policies Beginning in the 1960s, Americans became increasingly concerned about the environmental impact of industrial growth. Engine exhaust from growing numbers of automobiles, for instance, was blamed for smog and other forms of air pollution in large cities. Pollution represented what economists call an externality- a cost that the responsible entity can escape but that society as a whole must bear. With market forces unable to address such problems, many environmentalists suggested that the government had a moral obligation to protect the earths fragile ecosystems, even if doing so required some economic growth to be sacrificed. In response, a slew of laws was enacted to control pollution, including examples such as the 1963 Clean Air Act, the 1972 Clean Water Act, and the 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act. The Founding of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) In December 1970, environmentalists achieved a major goal with the establishment of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through an executive order signed by then-president Richard Nixon.  The creation of the EPA  brought together several federal programs charged with protecting the environment into a single government agency. The EPA was founded with the  goal of protecting human health and the environment by enforcing regulations passed by Congress. Responsibilities of the EPA The EPA sets and enforces tolerable limits of pollution, and it establishes timetables to bring polluters into line with standards, an important aspect of its work since most of these requirements are recent and industries must be given reasonable time, often several years, to conform to new standards. The EPA also has the authority to coordinate and support the research and anti-pollution efforts of state and local governments, private and public groups, and educational institutions. Furthermore, regional EPA offices have the power to develop, propose, and implement approved regional programs for comprehensive environmental protection. While the EPA delegates some responsibilities such as monitoring and enforcement to state governments, it retains the authority to enforce policies through fines, sanctions, and other measures granted by the federal government. The Impact of Environmental Policies Data collected since the EPA began its work in the 1970s shows significant improvements in environmental quality. There has been a nationwide decline in virtually all air pollutants. However, in 1990, many Americans believed that still greater efforts to combat air pollution were needed. In response, Congress passed important amendments to the Clean Air Act that were signed into law by President George H. W. Bush. The legislation incorporated an innovative market-based system designed to secure a substantial reduction in sulfur dioxide emissions, which produce what is more commonly known as acid rain. This type of pollution is believed to cause serious damage to forests and lakes, particularly in the eastern part of the United States and Canada. In the years since, environmental policy has remained at the forefront of political discussion, especially as it relates to clean energy and climate change.

Training and Development (8) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Training and Development (8) - Assignment Example This involves three stages: anticipatory, encounter and settling in. The anticipatory stage deals with potential employees. These candidates from previous experience, interaction with peers and managers have an idea of what the company stands for and how it operates. However, Mallor et al (2010) suggests that they should be given a realistic job preview to help them make an informed decision on whether to work for the company. This gives them the true picture of the company instead of relying on hearsay hence they have realistic expectations about the company and working conditions. This information can be obtained from brochures, magazines and company website. Once the potential candidates have been recruited, they move into the encounter stage. At this stage, the employee needs to understand his/her roles and responsibilities so as to perform according to expected standards. He/she also needs to understand the company policies and procedures especially the company culture as it det ermines the behavior of employees. The organization structure indicates the reporting relationships and interrelationships in the organization thus it is crucial for employee to understand it. Though they may have previous experience, each company has its way of doing things hence they need to be given appropriate training and orientation. They also need manager’s support in form of information about their job and the company, challenging work and high-quality relationship (Mallor et al. 2010 p. 479). The last stage is settling in. At this stage, employees are already familiar with their job tasks, company policies and procedures and have developed interpersonal relationships (Mallor et al. 2010). However, they need to deal with various work conflicts such as conflicting job demands. They also have to balance work and family life or nonwork activities so as to be productive employees. They also need to understand how their performance is to be evaluated and how they can progr ess in their career. 2. Why are content and process important in the design of employee orientation programs? What content should an effective orientation program include?   What process should be used? Orientation involves familiarizing the employees with the company history, company goals, performance requirements and interpersonal relationships (Mallor et al. 2010 p. 480). The success of employee orientation programs depends on the content and the process used. These programs are aimed at enhancing commitment and engagement from employees and consequently loyalty to the company which leads to reduced labor turnover and competitive advantage. The content helps the employees to understand their work, the company as well as policies and procedures. An effective orientation program includes company level information such as policies and procedures, employee and union relations, compensation and benefits and customer relations. It also includes department level information such as j ob duties and responsibilities, performance expectations, and introduction to peers. The content also entails the relation of individual to community such as how to find suitable housing and how to deal with family adjustments (p. 481). The process of orientation involves filling forms, scheduling and attending orientation meetings, interacting with managers and coworkers as well as familiarizing with products and services (P. 481). 3. How could you

To what extent are there differences between the Tories and New Labour Essay

To what extent are there differences between the Tories and New Labour Discuss - Essay Example They believed in divine right and in traditional hereditary system. They also were also strong supporters of the Anglican Church being against the Catholics which served to bring the reign of King James II to an end since he pushed the country to Catholism. They also were against scientific advances claiming that they pushed people away from the church. They were not in support of change The New Labor or Labor Party came into formation in 1900 by a group of working people who felt that the Tory Government ignored them and thus was born under the name Labor Representation Committee. However it did not take root until the 1920s and 1930 they occupied most of the seats in the government. It served to improve the lives of the minority on the principles of equality within the society. They were supporters of change and believed that the country’s resources belonged to everyone. The party pledged to deal with issues like poverty, unemployment, diseases and ignorance in the country. Labor Party put their focus on economic and social factors with the advocating of social liberation achieved by the legalization of social vices like divorce and separation, homosexuality and the stopping of capital punishments. With 1the name change to New Labor, the party was taken over by a new leader, Tony Blair, the youngest leader the party had ever had. He was elected Labor Prime Minister for three terms.2 One of the differences between the two parties is the capitalism verses socialism. The Conservatives Party had more of capitalist ideologies while the Labor Party had the communist one. Communists relied on the market to allocate capital to different socially owned enterprises where we see Tony Blair actually relying on the business men to be in charge of the economic policies. The Conservative Party on the other had relied on markets to determine investments, production and distribution decisions. Leaders like Margaret Thatcher who were conservative in